Unit3数词
一．数词的定义和分类
在英语中表示数目或顺序的词称为数词。表示数目的词称为基数词，如1,2,3......。表示数目顺序的词成为序数词，如第一，第二，第三........。还有以基数词和序数词合成的分数词。
二．基数词：
1. 1-12（独立的基数词）
1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten
11 eleven 12 twelve
2. 13-19（有对应的个位数加后缀teen构成，但要注意13,15,18
的基数词构成）
13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen
3. 20-99
(1)20-90整十位数（由2-9加后缀ty构成，注意20-50整十位数构成）
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety
(2)21-99非整十数（由整十位数+个位数构成，十位数和个位数之间用-连接）
22 twenty-two 33 thirty-three 44 forty-four 55 fifty-five 67 sixty-seven
71 seventy-one 88 eighty-eight 96 ninety-six
4. 100--999
(1)100-900整百位数（由1-9后面加hundred构成）
100 a/one hundred 200 two hundred 300 three hundred 400 four hundred 500 five hundred 600 six hundred 700 seven hundred 800 eight hundred 900 nine hundred
(2)101-999非整百数（由整百位数+整十位数+个位数构成。百位数
和十位数之间用and连接。十位数和个位数之间用连字符-连接。如果没有十位数，则百位数和个位数之间用and连接）
101 one hundred and one 232 two hundred and thirty-two 320 three hundred and twenty 444 four hundred and forty-four 507 five hundred and seven 621 six hundred and twenty-one 796 seven hundred and ninety-six 811 eight hundred and eleven
5. 千以上的基数词：英语中没有专门表示“万”“亿”的说法，但是却有专门表示“百万”“十亿”的说法，分别是million,billion.
一千 a/one thousand 五千five thousand 一万 ten thousand 六万 sixty thousand
一百万 a/one million 四百万 four million 十亿 a/one billon 二十亿 two billon
特别注意：hundred, thousand, million 表示具体几百，几千，几百万时不能加s. 但是在下面词组中常加s, 后面还要跟介词of. 表示约数。hundreds of（数以百计的）; thousands of（数以千计的）, millions of（数以百万计的）, thousands and thousands of 成千上万的
三．序数词：
1. 序数词的构成
|
变化方式 |
举例 |
备注 |
|
第一，第二，第三 特殊变化 |
first ( 1st ) second ( 2nd ) third (3rd ) |
|
|
第四至第十九 在基数词后面加上后缀-th |
fourth ( 4th ); fifth; sixth; seventh; eighth; ninth; tenth; eleventh; twelfth; thirteenth; fourteenth; fifteenth; sixteenth; seventeenth; eighteenth; nineteenth |
这类序数词共有16个 特别关注：5；8； 9；12的序数词！ |
|
第二十至第九十(整十位数） 变y为i加eth |
twentieth; thirtieth; fortieth; fiftieth; sixtieth; seventieth; eightieth; ninetieth |
共8个，全是十位整数。 |
|
第二十一至第九十九(非整十位数） 十位不变，仅把个位上的基数词变成序数词，表示“第几十几”。 |
twenty-first thirty-first; forty-third sixty-second; eighty-seventh; ninety-eighth
|
|
2. 序数词的用法
1，序数词做定语时一般要加定冠词：the first time, the second day; 但当表示“再一”“又一”时，通常加不定冠词 ：Will you try a second time? 要不要再试一次？
2，事物的“编号”可用序数词，也可用基数词，当数字较长时多用基数词：the first part—part one; the tenth lesson—lesson ten; the eighth page—page eight; Room 4038; 175 Daxue Road; Number 5; bus No, 3;
3，日期中的“几号”可用基数词，也可用序数词，要注意读法：Oct. 1 或 Oct. 1st 读作：Oct. (the) first. 或the first of Oct.
4，“the first +可数名词复数”表示“前几个…” “头几个…” : the first two pages 前两页。
四．分数词：
1.分数词由基数词和序数词构成，分子由基数词表示，分母由序数词表示，当分
子大于“1”时，分母中序数词要用复数形式：(子基母序）
1/3—one-third; 2/3—two-thirds
2. “百分比” 的表达法由“基数词+percent” : 50%--fifty percent
3. 带“小数点”的数只能用基数词，“点”用point表示：3.1415926读作：three
point one four one five nine two six
五．年月日，时刻和四则运算：
1. 2008年8月8日：Oct. 8, 2008或Oct. 8th, 2008
2000年：the year two thousand
20世纪80年代：1980’s 或nineteen eighties
2. 表示时间：
(1) 整点：用基数词表示，o’clock可以省略 9:00 nine (o’clock)
(2) 几点过几分：30分钟以内，包括30分钟，可以用介词past,
即分钟数+past+小时数
9:10 nine ten/ ten past nine
9:15 nine fifteen / a quarter past nine
9:30 nine thirty / half past nine
(3) 几点差几分：30分钟以上，不包括30分钟，可以用介词to,
即（60-分钟)+ to+ (小时+1)
8:40 eight forty /twenty to nine
9:45 nine forty-five / a quarter to ten
10:50 ten fifty/ ten to eleven
3. 数学运算，这时谓语动词用单数
1+2=？ 读做：How much is one plus two? It’s three.
1+2=3 读做：one plus/and two is/makes three.
9-5=4 读做：nine minus five is/makes four.
8x9=72 读做：Eight times nine is/makes seventy-two
10÷2=5 读做：Ten divided by two is/makes five.
4. 几个与数目有关的词语的英语表达方式如下：
几个—several; a few
一打—a dozen ( two dozen:两个)
二十—score (two score:四十)
好几十、许多—scores of, dozens of
几百—several hundred, a few hundred
一半--half
5.介词in + one’s +整数数词的复数 表示年龄：in his twenties. 在他20多岁的时候。
6.货币表示法：
￥4.50: four yuan fifty fen
￡ 9.35: nine pounds thirty-five pence
＄19.20: nineteen dollars twenty cents
小升初专项练习—数词
一、按要求变化下列单词
five ( 序数词 ) ___________ twelve ( 序数词) ___________
eight ( 序数词)____________ nine ( 序数词 )____________
thirty ( 序数词 )____________ eighty-three( 序数词 )____________
first (缩略形式)___________ twenty-second (缩略形式)__________
sixth (缩略形式)___________
二、写出下列节日的准确日期
1, Children’s Day is on the ___________ of June.
2, The Women’s Day is on the _________ of March.
3, New Year’s Day is on the __________ of January.
4, National Day is on the first day of __________.
5, The Olympic Games will be opened on the eighth day of _________ in Beijing.
三、单项选择
1, His uncle has lived at _______ for ten years.
A. No. 103 Xinhua Street B. 103 Xinhua Street
C. Xinhua Street 103 D. Xinhua Street No. 103
2, There are ______ students in the park.
A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds D. hundred
3, ---How far is the small village from London?
--- It’s about _______ kilometers.
A. seven hundred and twenty two B. seven hundred and twenty-two
C. seven hundreds and twenty-two D. seven hundred twenty two
4, Look! There are _______ in sky.
A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star
5, 365 reads _______.
A. three hundred sixty five B. three hundreds sixty five
C. three hundred and sixty five D. three hundred and sixty-five.
6, Lucy and Lily are in ______.
A. Row Fourth B. the Row Four C. Row Four D. Four Row
7, September is ______ month of the year.
A. nine B. nineth C. the ninth D. the nineth
8, _________ is the most difficult in this book.
A. Lesson ninth B. The ninth lesson C. Ninth Lesson D. The nine lesson
9, The Yellow River is ________ longest river in China.
A. the first B. the second C. first D. the third
10, __________ of the students are Young Pioneers in our class.
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
11, ---How many times have you been to Japan?
--- _________.
A. For the third time B. Three times C. a third time D. For three times
12, ---How soon will you finish reading the book? ---In _______.
A. one or two weeks B. one week or two C. a week and two D. a or two weeks
13, Mary was born ________.
A. in 1985, June 1 B. on June 1, 1985 C. at June 1, in 1985 D. in June 1, 1985
14, How old is your father? He is _______.
A. fourty-one B. fouty one C. forty-one D. forty one
