Unit4代词

一．代词的定义和分类

英语中用来代替名词、数词或上、下文的词、句等的词称为代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

二．人称代词

人称	单/复数	人称代词
		主格	宾格
第一人称	单数	I	me
	复数	we	us
第二人称	单数	you	you
	复数	you	you
第三人称	单数	he	him
		she	her
		it	it
	复数	they	them

1，第一人称单数I 必须大写。

2，当句中有几个人称代词出现时，一般是按照you, he, I 排列，如：

He and I are deskmates. (此时I 后谓语动词用复数)

You and he both enjoy music.

3，人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格，做表语时用宾格居多。（傻瓜记忆法：主格用在动词前，宾格用在动词后）如：

He is a doctor.

Give me a book.

Who is there? It’s me.

4，it 的用法

（1）    代替上文提到的东西：Where is my pen, I can’t find it.

（2）    代替事件、情况：It’s a good idea.

（3）    代替婴儿和未知的人：Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.  Who is knocking the door? Is it Tom?

（4）    代替this 或that: What’s this? It’s a guitar.

（5）    表示时间、距离和天气：It’s very hot.  What time is it?

三．物主代词

物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

人称	单/复数	物主代词
		形容词性	名词性
第一人称	单数	my	mine
	复数	our	ours
第二人称	单数	your	yours
	复数	your	yours
第三人称	单数	his	his
		her	hers
		its	its
	复数	their	theirs

（1）    形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，只能做定语。（后面通常要有名词）

（2）    与own 连用表示强调：This is my own car.

（3）    名词性物主代词具有名词性质，可以做主语、表语和宾语。后面不需要再加名词：（空后有名用形容，空后无名必用名）

This is your pen, (This pen is yours) Mine is on the desk. Come and look at mine.

四．反身代词

人称	单/复数	反身代词
第一人称	单数	myself
	复数	ourselves
第二人称	单数	yourself
	复数	yourselves
第三人称	单数	himself
		herself
		itself
	复数	themselves

（1）    做宾语：He can help himself：

（2）    做表语：The girl was myself.

（3）    做同位语：I myself had to go there/ I had to go there myself (译为“亲自”)

（4）    固定习语：by oneself   enjoy oneself  help oneself  say to oneself

五．指示代词

	单数	复数	用法
近	this  这个	these 这些	后面的谓语动词要用单数形式
远	that  那个	those 那些	后面的谓语动词要用复数形式

(1)   介绍别人时通常用句型：This is…

(2)电话用语中在介绍自己和询问对方时通常用句型：This is Mary, Who is that?

六．疑问代词

Who ( whom ), whose, what, which 称为疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句。

1, who, what

who 多指姓名关系等，what 多指职业地位等

   Who is the woman?   She is my mother.

   What is your mother?  She is a doctor.

2, what, which

what 指的事物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which 指的事物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个或一些。

What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢什么运动？

Which sport do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一项运动？

3，whose, whom

Whose是who 属格，用于指示所有者，whom 是who 的宾格，用于指示对象

Whom are they talking about?

Whose is that umbrella?

4, what, whose 同时具有形容词性质，修饰名词。如：

What colour / size/ nationality/ class/ grade/ …?

Whose umbrella…?

七．相互代词

相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。each other; one another 两者基本无差别。

help each other 互相帮助

look at each other 对视

learn from each other 相互学习

talk to each other 彼此说话

八．关系代词

关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which, as 等 （whatever, whoever, whichever）

九．不定代词

人称	单/复数	人称代词		物主代词		反身代词
		主格	宾格	形容词性	名词性
第一人称	单数
	复数
第二人称	单数
	复数
第三人称	单数
	复数

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。小学中学到的不定代词有any, some, one,everyone, much, many, other等。

肯定	否定
all everybody	no nobody none
both either	neither
everything some	nothing none no
somebody someone	no one nobody none
something	nothing
a little a few	little few

1, both, all 谓语动词用复数，either, neither, every, each谓语动词用单数。

2, many, few修饰可数名词，much, little修饰不可数名词，some, any, no既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词。

3，some 用于肯定句中，（表示请求，邀请并想得到对方肯定回答时可用于疑问句中。Would you like some water?）

4, any 用于否定句和疑问句中。（表示任何的，任何一个的可用于肯定句中。You may come here at any day

5, one是对可数名词单数的代替，ones 是对可数名词复数的代替。

6，how many+可数名词复数,  how much+不可数名词

7, other 泛指。限定词（量词/数词等）+other + 名词复数：five other boys; my other balls; some other girls; two other days

  another 泛指, “不同的，另… 再…”。another + 名词单数/复数：another room; another two days

  the other 特指，两者之间。one … the other…: I have two sisters, one is Lily, the other is Jane.

8, 不定代词的修饰语后置：something new,  nothing serious

小升初专项练习—代词

一，请将下面表格填充完整

二，单项选择

1, That’s not _______ , it is _______. I bought it _______.

A. yours… mine…myself   B. your…mine…yourself 

C. yours…her…herself   D. yours…her…myself

2, A friend of _______ came yesterday.

A. my      B. his      C. her     D. your

3, ---Hello, is that Mrs Black speaking?

  ---Yes, who’s that?

 ---_______Mary.

A. I’m     B. That’s    C. She’s    D. This is

4. ---How many students are there in the classroom?

  ---_______.

A. No one    B. None    C. Nobody   D. Nothing

5. ______ school is much larger than _______.

A. Their; our    B. Their; ours   C. Theirs; ours   D, Theirs; our

6. _______ were the only people who went swimming yesterday.

A. I, you and he   B. I, he and you    C. You, he and I    D. He, you and I

7, --- Is your mother ill?

  --- No, _______, only a little cold.

A. serious anything  B. serious nothing  C. nothing serious    D. anything serious

8, This is not my watch, Do you know _______ it is?

A. what       B. which    C. who      D. whose

9, ---Why is there _______ noise outside?

  --- The workers are pulling down the old houses.

A. much too     B. so much    C. much more    D. very much

10, Tom and _______ will go to see our teacher, for ______ is ill.

A. I; she     B. me; she      C. I; her    D. me; her

11, ---Have you a computer?

  --- Yes, I have a good ____.

A. some     B.one      C.it      D. that

12, The bed in his room is smaller than _____ in yours.

A. /     B. it      C. one    D. that

13, --- Do you have enough students to carry the boxes?

  ---- No, I think we need ______ students.

A. another      B. two others     C. more two    D. two more

14, ---Who taught _____ French?

  --- Nobody, She learned all by ______.

A. herself; her      B. she; herself     C,. her; herself    D. her; she

15. ______ is the best season of the year?

A. When      B. Who      C. Which     D. What time

16. ______ is necessary to tell him when to start our trip.

A. That      B. This      C. It       D. One

17.Look! _______ are good friends.

A. You and I     B. I and you     C. You and me    D. I and him

18. Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ____? I want to buy ______, too.

A. one; one   B.it; it    C. it; one    D. one; it

19, Who taught _____ English last term? Was ______ Mr. Smith?

A. you; it     B. you; he    C. your;it    D, your; that

20, we need some books. Could you give ______ a book?

A. our     B. us     C. we      D. ours

三，根据口号内的提示，写出适当的英语代词。

 1, Let _____ (我们) go and tell ______ (她) about ______ (它).

 2, Look, how nice these pictures are!  ______ （它们）were drawn by _______ (他)

 3, These are _______ (我们的) exercise books. _______(他们的) are in the teachers’ office.

 4, The bird has hurt _______ (它的) wing.

 5, Li Ming is an old classmate of ______ （我的）.

四，根据句意，在空白处填写适当的代词。

1, ---Is ______ here today?

 --- No, Han Mei isn’t here.

2, ---Is this purse yours?

---- No, It is quite different from_______.

3, The old woman never helps ______. So ______ people like her.

4, --- ________ is the woman in blue?

 ---- _______ is our new teacher.

5, ---Who is knocking at the door?

 ---It’s _______.

6, Tom hasn’t been to America. Jim hasn’t, _______.

7, ---Hello, I’d like to speak to Mary, please.

  --- Speaking. Who’s calling, please?

  --- Hi, Mary, _______ is Tom.

8, ---Tom and Mike, did you enjoy _________ yesterday?

  ---Yes, we did.

9, There sweaters are too small for me, Please show me _______ one.

10, Mike, don’t swim in the river by ________. It’s very dangerous.